1. Disease Status: Infectious diarrhea is one of the global public health issues, with relatively high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in developing countries. According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), there are approximately 1.7 billion cases of diarrhea worldwide each year, among which about 760,000 children die. Rotavirus is the leading pathogen of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years old globally, causing approximately 215,000 child deaths annually. Norovirus is one of the main pathogens of acute gastroenteritis in both adults and children, with around 685 million cases of norovirus infection worldwide each year. In China, the incidence of infectious diarrhea is also high. A 2022 study showed that among Chinese children under 5 years old, the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea was 11.4% and that of norovirus diarrhea was 6.7%. In 2023, local outbreaks of norovirus occurred in some regions of China, affecting multiple schools and communities.
2. Disadvantages of Traditional Solutions: The gold standard for diagnosing infectious diarrhea is stool culture. Culture methods usually take a long time to produce results, leading to diagnostic delay and affecting early treatment. Additionally, viruses are difficult to culture, making missed diagnoses likely; immunological detection methods can only target specific pathogens and have low sensitivity and specificity, resulting in a high risk of missed detection.