1. Global and Domestic Status of the Diseases
(1) First Occurrence Time and Location of the Diseases
Dengue Virus: First discovered in Japan and the Philippines in 1943, it is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti. There are approximately 390 million infection cases worldwide each year, of which about 96 million develop symptoms, mainly endemic in tropical and subtropical regions.
Zika Virus: First discovered in rhesus monkeys in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947, it broke out on a large scale in the Americas from 2015 to 2016. In 2024, local outbreaks of Zika virus still occurred in South American countries such as Brazil and Colombia.
Chikungunya Virus: First discovered in Tanzania in 1952, it is mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Local outbreaks occurred in India, Southeast Asia and other regions in 2023, with more than 100,000 infected people.
Hantavirus: First discovered in the United States in 1976, it is mainly transmitted by rodents. In 2024, sporadic cases of hantavirus were reported in South Korea, Northeast China and other regions.
2. Disadvantages of Traditional Solutions
Traditional detection methods have the following drawbacks: Serological testing: Detects antibodies, cannot distinguish between current and past infections, and is prone to false positives. Viral isolation and culture: Time-consuming, complex to operate, and has high requirements for laboratory conditions.