Respiratory pathogen detection faces significant challenges. Pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A/B viruses, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) all present with similar clinical symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) (e.g., fever ≥38℃, cough, sore throat, etc.), leading to difficulties in clinical differential diagnosis. Influenza prevention and control in China has prominent "three low" issues: low prevention rate (influenza vaccination rate is less than 3%), low diagnosis rate (laboratory confirmation rate of ILI cases is only about 15%), and low treatment rate (antiviral drug usage rate among eligible cases is less than 20%). The current detection system is confronted with multiple dilemmas: routine PCR testing takes 2-4 hours per single assay, and cumulative time for multiple tests is even longer; rapid antigen testing has a false negative rate as high as 30-40% in the early stage of infection; meanwhile, 80% of primary medical institutions lack necessary testing capabilities. These detection bottlenecks have severely restricted the early identification and intervention of respiratory infectious diseases, especially prominent during influenza seasons and epidemic outbreaks. There is an urgent need to develop rapid, accurate, and primary-care-adaptable detection technologies to improve etiological diagnosis capabilities, providing critical support for clinical treatment decisions and epidemic prevention and control.